R:konspekt

Basic laws for robots:

1. A robot cannot harm a human being or, by its inaction, allow a human being to be harmed.
2. A robot must obey all orders given by a human unless those orders contradict the First Law.
3. A robot must take care of its own safety to the extent that it does not contravene the First or Second Laws.

They were formulated in the short story “Round Dance”, published in 1942
Later, in 1986, Asimov formulated the so-called zero law:

sõnastik

Referaat
Atlas – Boston Dynamics

Atlas is a humanoid robot from Boston Dynamics. It was first introduced in 2013. Boston Dynamics is an engineering company specializing in robotics. It is known for developing the four-legged robot BigDog. The Atlas robot itself was created to perform various search and rescue tasks.

From a technical point of view for 2022, Atlas is the most advanced humanoid robot in terms of capabilities. Thus, the robot is able to perform parkour, run at a decent speed, jump over and around obstacles and much more. The robot has been constantly evolving and improving since 2013. Atlas is equipped with two vision systems – a laser rangefinder and stereo cameras, both controlled by a built-in computer – and has hands with fine motor capabilities. Its limbs have a total of 28 degrees of freedom. Atlas can navigate rough terrain and climb independently using its arms and legs. The 2013 version of the prototype was tethered to an external power source. Atlas is battery-powered and powered by hydraulics with 20 degrees of freedom. It is equipped with RGB cameras and depth sensors that provide input to its control system. All calculations required for control perception and evaluation are performed on three on-board computers. The Atlas of the latest model is 1.5 meters tall and weighs 85 kg.

The development and production of Atlas was led by DARPA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense, in collaboration with Boston Dynamics. The program manager

Konspekt

What is a robot? The world’s first robot.
There are so many robots around us without us even noticing. Cars, home electronics and even some innovative toys are robots in a sense.
The first robot is considered to be the General Motors car factory robot, which started working in the spring of 1961 under the name Unimate. The robot’s job was to cool the handles of a car’s filler door in a pool, then feed them to a line for further processing.

Generations of robot development. Name and explain.
The first generation of robots are program-controlled robots.
Second generation robots are robots with adaptive control.
The third generation of robots are integrated or intelligent robots.

• nõudepesumasin – Teine,
• fikseeritud liikumisega – Teine
• robotkäsi – Esimene,
• automaatselt süttiv lamp – Teine,
• ise keeli õppiv robot – Kolmas.

Why are manipulators not robots?
because they are directly controlled by humans.

What are the advantages of machines compared to human labour?
the robot does not need to take a break, and once loaded, the robot is not lazy to work, the robot does not care what job it is given, as long as it is suitable for the tasks it is given.

Which three conditions must be met for a machine or device to be called a robot?
3 Asimov’s laws

Which industrial companies in Estonia would be suitable for mechatronics?
1) Machine-vision, i.e. the ability to see objects in a picture.
2) Robotics – creating and implementing robots.
3) Automation, i.e. building equipment that reduces the need for human labour.
4) Sensor-sensor systems or devices.
5) Expert systems
6) Automotive applications
7) Electronics and other industrial applications.

• Robot – Cars, home electronics and even some innovative toys are robots in a sense.
• Robotics – Robotics is a field of engineering and technology concerned with the development of the applied science and technology needed to build robots.
• Manipulator – A manipulator is a device or machine controlled by a human being.
• Mechatronics – Mechatronics is a multifaceted branch of engineering that combines mechanics, electronics, computer engineering, software engineering, control theory and systems design, with the aim of developing a better
• Sensor – A sensor is a device that measures a quantity and converts it into an electrical signal.
• Executioner – Executioners are robots with arms and legs, like humans.The purpose of an executioner is to influence the environment.
• Controller – is the brain of the robot.

Hour 3 “Electricity. Basic components”

Valgusdiood (LED)/светодиод – Светодиод — вид диода, который светится, когда через него проходит ток от анода (+) к
катоду (−)
Nupp/кнопка – Тактовая кнопка — простой, всем известный механизм, замыкающий цепь пока есть давление
на толкатель.
Piesosummer/пищалка –
Fototakisti/фоторезистор,
Takisti/резистор,
Potentsiomeeter/потенцтометр,
Temperatuuriandur/термодатчик,
Servomootor/серводвигатель,
Mootor/моторчик,
Vedelkristallekraan/LCD экран

References

bomb disposal robot

such a robot was used by soldiers in the 1940s to clear mines and explosives.

It was controlled by wires and a remote control over a short distance and had limited functionality.

Today’s robots have remote controls and sensors.

robots are used in situations such as:

• Military area
• Civil Defense
• Rescue operations
• Industrial operations

warehouse robot

their development began at the end of the 20th century
are used to automate various tasks in warehouses and improve warehouse efficiency

ANBOT

robot police officer equipped with a stun gun and SOS button to call for help
can work without recharging for 8 hours

The robot is designed to protect people and prevent security threats, it can also help you find the information you need at the airport

robot window cleaner

A robot designed for automatic window cleaning without human intervention, developed in 2014 by WinBot company

Can clean windows at a height of 15 meters, improves working efficiency and human safety

Read in the study material: Electricity and circuits pp. 1-10 and Mikrokontroller lk. 18-23

Electricity. Components.
Electricity – a set of phenomena caused by the existence, interaction and movement of electric charges.
Electric circuit – a set of devices, elements designed for the flow of electric current
Drawing and circuit diagram (examples)

Ohm’s Law

Parallel and series connection

A microcontroller is a microchip designed to control electronic devices.

The basic elements of an Arduino kit:

• Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller, Arduino CH340.
• The power adapter for the crown is 9V.
• USB cable for connection to a PC.
• 5V relay.
• Potentiometer.
• 5 pcs. Pushbuttons.
• The buzzer is active.
• 5 pcs. Red colored caps for buttons.

Valgusdiood (LED)/LED – energy efficient, reliable,
long-lasting light bulb

The Nupp/button is a simple, well-known mechanism that closes the circuit as long as there is pressure
on the pusher.

Piesosummer – translates the alternating voltage into vibrationsthe diaphragm, which in turn creates a sound wave.

Fototakisti/photoresistor – it changes itsresistance depending on the intensity of light hitting its ceramic “snake”.
Potentiometer

Takisti/resistor is an artificial “obstacle” to current. Resistance in its purest form. A resistor
limits the strength of the current, converting some of the electricity into heat

Potentsiomeeter – also called variable resistor, trimmer. It’s a divider of two
resistors in one package. Therefore, it has 3 legs: power, output, ground.

Temperatuuriandur/thermosensor – is a device for converting the effect of heating or cooling of components into an electrical signal

Servomotor/серводводвигатель -is a DC motor with gearbox, feedback control and control electronics.

Mootor – A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical rotational energy.

Liquid Crystal Display/LCD screen – LCDs have a screen divided into symbols that are separated from each other.